![]() The number of employees reported to have worked from their home "on their primary job" in 2010 has been reported as 9.4 million (6.6% of the workforce), though this number might include the self-employed. ![]() workers (about 40% of the working population) could work from home at least part of the time, but in 2008 only 2.5 million employees, excluding the self-employed, considered their home to be their primary place of business. Statistics ģ6% of Europeans interviewed by the European Investment Bank Climate Survey suported teleworking to be favoured to fight climate changeĪs of 2012, estimates suggest that over fifty million U.S. In Italy, smart working is defined as an agreement between the parties with no precise constraints in terms of working hours or workplace and with the possible use of technology to enable the work to be performed. The terms "telecommuting" and "telework" were coined by Jack Nilles in 1973. Many telecommuters work from home, while others, sometimes called "nomadic workers" work at coffee shops or other locations. A telecommuter is also called a "telecommuting specialist", as a designation and in a professional context. Ī person who telecommutes is known as a "telecommuter", "teleworker", and sometimes as a "home-sourced", or "work-at-home" employee. As a broader concept than telecommuting, telework has four dimensions in its definitional framework: work location, that can be anywhere outside a centralized organizational work place usage of ICTs (information and communication technologies) as technical support for telework time distribution, referring to the amount of time replaced in the traditional workplace and the diversity of employment relationships between employer and employee, ranging from contract work to traditional full-time employment. These locations can be inside the home or at some other remote workplace, which is facilitated through a broadband connection, computer or phone lines, or any other electronic media used to interact and communicate. Telecommuting refers more specifically to work undertaken at a location that reduces commuting time. ![]() Telecommuters often maintain a traditional office and usually work from an alternative work site from 1 to 3 days a week. All types of technology-assisted work conducted outside a centrally located work space (including work undertaken in the home, outside calls, etc.) are regarded as telework. Terminology Īlthough the concepts of "telecommuting" and "telework" are closely related, there is a difference between the two. The practice became much more mainstream during the COVID-19 pandemic, when millions of workers were forced to start remote working for the first time. According to a Reuters poll, approximately "one in five workers around the globe, particularly employees in the Middle East, Latin America and Asia, telecommute frequently and nearly 10 percent work from home every day." In the 2000s, annual leave or vacation in some organizations was seen as absence from the workplace rather than ceasing work, and some office employees used telework to continue to check work e-mails while on vacation. Teleworkers in the 21st century often use mobile telecommunications technology such as a Wi-Fi-equipped laptop or tablet computers and smartphones to work from coffee shops others may use a desktop computer and a landline phone at their home. Some organizations adopt teleworking for environmental reasons, as telework can reduce congestion and air pollution, with fewer cars on the roads. Along with this, teleworking may make it easier for workers to balance their work responsibilities with their personal life and family roles (e.g., caring for children or elderly parents). Some organizations adopt telecommuting to improve workers' quality of life, as teleworking typically reduces commuting time and time stuck in traffic jams. Organizations may use telecommuting to reduce costs (telecommuting employees do not require an office or cubicle, a space which needs to be rented or purchased, and incurs additional costs such as lighting, climate control, etc.). ![]() Variations of this motto include: "Work is something we DO, not a place that we GO" and "Work is what we do, not where we are." Telecommuting has been adopted by a range of businesses, governments and not-for-profit organizations. In 1995, the motto that "work is something you do, not something you travel to" was coined. In the 1990s, telecommuting became the subject of pop culture attention. Telecommuting came to be in the 1970s to describe work-related substitutions of telecommunication and related information technologies for travel. 10.5 Information Security for Teleworkers.8.7 Advantages and disadvantages meta-analysis.6.3 Skill variety, task identity, and task significance. ![]()
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